Monkeypox Vaccine Side Effects

With the recent spread of monkeypox, vaccination has become a key strategy in controlling outbreaks. However, understanding the potential side effects of the monkeypox vaccine is crucial for those considering immunization. This article provides a detailed overview of the common and rare side effects associated with monkeypox vaccines, helping you make an informed decision.

What Is the Monkeypox Vaccine?

Two primary vaccines are currently used to protect against monkeypox:

1. ACAM2000: This vaccine is derived from the vaccinia virus and is a live, replication-competent vaccine initially developed for smallpox. It’s known to be effective but carries a higher risk of side effects, especially for certain groups of people.
2. Jynneos (Imvamune/Imvanex): A newer, non-replicating vaccine specifically approved for both smallpox and monkeypox. It is designed to have a better safety profile and is recommended for a broader range of individuals, including those with weakened immune systems.

Common Side Effects

Most people who receive the monkeypox vaccine experience mild to moderate side effects, which typically resolve on their own within a few days. Here are the most common side effects for each vaccine:

ACAM2000 Side Effects

• Injection Site Reactions: Redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site are common.
• Fever: A mild fever may occur in the days following vaccination.
• Fatigue: Some people report feeling tired or run-down after getting vaccinated.
• Lymph Node Swelling: Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the armpit or neck, can occur as the immune system responds to the vaccine.
• Heart Issues: Though rare, ACAM2000 has been linked to serious heart problems, including myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining around the heart).

Jynneos Side Effects

• Injection Site Reactions: Redness, swelling, and itching at the injection site are common but typically mild.
• Headache: Some people experience mild headaches after receiving the vaccine.
• Fatigue: A general sense of tiredness is a common side effect.
• Muscle Aches: Muscle pain or joint aches can occur but usually subside quickly.
• Flu-like Symptoms: Some individuals might feel flu-like symptoms, including chills and mild fever.

Rare and Serious Side Effects

Although rare, serious side effects can occur, particularly with the ACAM2000 vaccine. It’s important to be aware of these so you can seek medical attention if necessary:

• Myocarditis and Pericarditis: As mentioned, these are serious heart conditions associated with ACAM2000. Symptoms include chest pain, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and shortness of breath.
• Severe Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, can occur but is extremely rare. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and a rapid drop in blood pressure.
• Severe Skin Reactions: Those with certain skin conditions like eczema should avoid ACAM2000 due to the risk of severe skin reactions.
  

  Who Should Be Cautious?

  Certain individuals are at a higher risk of experiencing severe side effects from the monkeypox vaccine, especially with ACAM2000. These include:

  • Immunocompromised Individuals: Those with weakened immune systems, such as people living with HIV, cancer patients, or organ transplant recipients, should avoid ACAM2000 and opt for Jynneos if available.
  • Pregnant Women: ACAM2000 is not recommended for pregnant women due to potential risks to the fetus. Jynneos is a safer option.
  • People with Heart Conditions: Those with pre-existing heart conditions should consult a healthcare provider before receiving ACAM2000 due to the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis.

  Monitoring and Aftercare

  After receiving the monkeypox vaccine, it’s important to monitor for any signs of serious side effects, particularly within the first few weeks. Common side effects should be mild and resolve quickly, but if you experience severe symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, or a severe allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately.

  If you’re in a high-risk group or have underlying health conditions, discuss your options with a healthcare provider. They can help determine which vaccine is safest for you and provide guidance on managing any potential side effects.

  Conclusion

  While the monkeypox vaccine is a powerful tool in preventing the spread of the disease, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects. For most people, the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks, but certain populations should take extra precautions. Understanding the possible side effects and taking steps to monitor your health after vaccination can help ensure that you stay safe and protected against monkeypox. Always consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about the vaccine or your individual risk factors.